Should You Strike with the Fist or with the Palm?

Photo Credit:  Source pic - http://www.intrepidboy.com

Yesterday, I posted Craig Gemeiner's essay "Open Hands" in which he described various ways to strike with the Open Hand from the older Savate and Defense dans la Rue. Today, I wanted to present to you the perennial argument Martial Artists have forever debated. The issue is: 

"Should you strike with the Fist or with the Palm?"

There are those in favor of striking with the Palm. They say it's easier to break your hand if you strike with your fist, say to a target such as the head. As their defense exhibit, the Palm-strikers will cite the famous incident where the former Heavyweight Champion of the World, Mike Tyson, was in a street scuffle with Mitch Green, and broke his hand on August 23, 1988. The handwraps boxers use in combination of the gloves is not to protect their opponent but to protect their own hands from breaking upon repeated punching! Tyson, absent his wraps and gloves, broke his right hand impacting presumably against the hard skull of Mitch Green. These advocates of using Palm strikes will also say, "Hard against Soft; Soft against Hard." This saying translates to:  Use your fist against soft targets and for hard targets, use your palm. What they are really saying is that they know what targets to aim at with their Palm strikes. Martial artist who favor using their palm over their fist will also bring up the ease of transition to a tiger claw for raking, to a grab, to a pinch, to a thumb jab or even to a thumb gouge.

For every Yin, there is a Yang. The champions of the cause for Striking with the Fist will say that "You fight the way you train." If you do focus mitt drills or hit the heavy bag, you almost always would be striking with your fist. Also, when people get angry, invariably they will unconsciously clench their fists. Human Nature and Evolution has perhaps hardwired into Man for their survival the instinctive clenching of the Fist. You can watch any MMA match. At some point one fighter has his opponent downed and trying to finish him. Invariably, the Lizard Brain will kick in and you see repeated hammerfists from the same hand. It is so natural and instinctual to use the hammerfist when the Lizard Brain kicks in. Thirdly, the issue of "Reach" will be brought up. Striking with the open Palm, you will lose a few inches of Reach. A few inches may not seem to be a lot in most things, but in striking those extra few inches may have a significant impact (pun intended!).

Let's recap the arguments for both sides.

Palm Strikers

• Can break your hand if you use your fist to strike
• Know where to strike with the palms
• Easy transition to other hand formations

Fist Strikers

• Fight the way you train and most train with fists
• Human Nature/Evolution & Lizard Brain - instinctively will clench hand into fist
• Shorter Reach when striking with palms

New research has surfaced from the University of Utah which suggests that fighting may have shaped the evolution of the human hand:

The derived proportions of the human hand may provide supportive buttressing that protects the hand from injury when striking with a fist. Flexion of digits 2–5 results in buttressing of the pads of the distal phalanges against the central palm and the palmar pads of the proximal phalanges. Additionally, adduction of the thenar eminence to abut the dorsal surface of the distal phalanges of digits 2 and 3 locks these digits into a solid configuration that may allow a transfer of energy through the thenar eminence to the wrist.

I can hear you yell out, "Say what Stickgrappler?!?! I don't speak no Scientific-ese." LOL I don't either, but luckily BBC News translated it into layman's terms:

They found that the structure of the fist provides support that increases the ability of the knuckles to transmit "punching" force.

The research conclusion (mental drumroll please...):

We found that peak forces, force impulses and peak jerk did not differ between the closed fist and open palm strikes. However, the structure of the human fist provides buttressing that increases the stiffness of the second MCP joint by fourfold and, as a result of force transfer through the thenar eminence, more than doubles the ability of the proximal phalanges to transmit ‘punching’ force. Thus, the proportions of the human hand provide a performance advantage when striking with a fist.

If I understand this correctly, there was no difference between the Fist and Palm strikes, however, the structure of the buttressed Fist resulted in a fourfold increase of force transfer. Basically the shape of the human hand  provides an advantage to striking with the Fist.

For all the Martial Artists who prefer to strike with an open Palm, did this new research help to change your mind?





REFERENCES

http://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/24/sports/tyson-hurts-right-hand-in-scuffle-with-a-boxer.html
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-20790294
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/2/236.abstract 
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/216/2/i.1.full



NOTE:  My sincerest gratitude to Mentoir K. for sending me the BBC article link.

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ARTICLES: Craig Gemeiner - Open Hands (striking with open hands essay)

This essay provides a brief explanation of the open hand hits pertaining to the older la savate and Defense Dans La Rue systems.

“Even if the hand is used for war like purposes, it is in ninety- nine cases out of every one hundred used with the fingers open”

- E.B.Michell, English boxing professor and author, 1889. 

By the late 1700s, Frenchmen were settling arguments by using a Parisian form of boot fighting which came to called la savate. A colloquial word meaning shoe la savate was often associated with the delivery of the “Coup De Grace” or “finishing blow” in a street confrontation. Renowned as a simple but brutally effective system of street combat its emphasis was not to engage the opponent for long periods of time, but to terminate the confrontation in the quickest possible way.

Michel Pisseux, a product of this early savate system, was born in 1794 and raised in La Courtille considered at the time one of the roughest areas of Paris . As a young man Pisseux would frequent various fighting districts to observe and catalogue the most practical strikes used by the street brawler’s of the era.

Realizing that the more natural use of the open hand as a weapon for both attack and defense along with the street kicking skills was an inseparable foundation for many street fighters, Pisseux would adopt these same techniques into his own personal system of savate. The influence of these open hand skills was reflected in Michel’s “La savate guard” (picture –1). Resembling the passive guards made popular by today’s reality based fighting systems the hands were held open in front of the body in a non-aggressive posture, the enemy was never sure if the savateur would make an attack or stand down.

Although we do not know who Michel’s instructor was, or if he even had one, we do know that by the 1820s he had opened his own salle where he provided tuition in several French combat disciplines. These disciplines including la savate, la canne and baton, his clientele would come to include such aristocrats as Lord Seymour and the Duke of Orleans.

Grouping his savate skills into 15 divisions of la canne and 15 divisions of street kicking techniques Pisseux’s approach to savate would later be documented in a small booklet entitled “La Art De La Savate et De La Canne”.

LA MUSETTE

Several of the names used to describe the hand techniques of la savate are idiomatic expressions that have all but faded into obscurity. The word musette meaning “horses feed bag” is perhaps savate’s most powerful of all open hand strikes. Delivered in an upward or linear trajectory the palm of the hand was used to strike the adversary’s chin, nose or – “feedbag”. When thrown from Pisseux’s la savate guard the musette traveled below the opponent’s visuals often catching him totally unaware.

  

PIQUE

The use of the fingers to attack the adversary’s eyes could be used simultaneously with a variety of open hand blows, and required little power to produce disabling results.

 

LA BAFFE
La Baffe means to “clout” someone across the face, head or neck. This blow was delivered with the palm of the hand in a horizontal or oblique plan. The hand configuration used when throwing la baffe consisted of  a broad or flattened palm , which covers a wider area of impact.

LE REVERS DE BAFFE
A variation of la baffe was a backhand strike called – ‘le revers de baffe. Often delivered in a horizontal or oblique plan, the neck could be targeted to create a brachial stun. A quick back hand flick to the eyes was enough to cause pain and obscure the adversary’ visuals opening him up to more substantial blows. Should the hands be positioned into the front or side trouser pockets a backhand slap to the groin was also possible.
A ploy favored by the French Apaches was to lull the intended victim into a false sense of security with idle talk while holding both hands in their front pockets. From this position the hoodlum would suddenly attack with a backhand slap up into the face. This was followed immediately with a head but into the groin or stomach region and a double leg pick up, dumping the victim onto his back.

 

   

LE TRANCH
Tranche, meaning to chop, is an effective edge of hand blow taken from Jiu-jitsu and adopted into the French –“ Defense Dan’s La Rue” systems during the early 1900s.

Delivered along multiple trajectories many practitioners favored the traditional hand configuration with the fingers adducted and the thumb extended out to the side. Perhaps the most versatile of all open hand hits, la tranche could strike various targets from a multitude of positions either on its own or in conjunction with other hand techniques.

 

 

 

For those who may deem open hand techniques as unusual, primitive or even crude it should be taken into consideration that few people are able to use the fist naturally without prior training. Even with extensive training hand blows using the knuckles are prone to damage when impacting hard skeletal structures such as the cranium or mandible.

While some may argue that by specifically targeting soft tissue areas one can reduce the likelihood of such damage. However  it can also be argued that when placed in adrenaline induced confrontations such fine skill accuracy is limited at best. Unlike a bare knuckle punch the use of the open hand to strike with is unlikely to collapse and suffer major injury at the point of impact.

La Savate instructors like Michel Pisseux knew that open hand blows were tried and true methods, and to this very day there principles remain tactically correct for use in personal combat.



Bibliography
Charlemont J . L’ Art De La Boxe Boxe “>Francaise Et De La Canne. Paris : A ‘L ‘ Academie De Boxe ,24, Rue Des Martyrs 1899.

Traite De Canne, Boxe et Baton Theorie Et Exercices. Paris : Delarue, Libraire – Editeur.

Formation La Savate. Paris : FFBFS DA 1998.

Roubaud. E. & De Lolme and Wallace. A French and English Dictionary, compiled from the best authorities of both languages. Paris , London , New York & Melbourne : Cassel & Company , Limited 1900.

Dubois Georges. Comment Se Defendre. Paris : Bibliotheque Sportive Nilsson 1916.

E.B. Michell, Armstrong Walter , Pollock H. Walter, Grove C. F and Camille Prevost , Maitre D’Armes. Fencing ,Boxing Wrestling. London : Spottiswoode and CO 1889.




NOTES

This essay "Open Hands" is by Craig Gemeiner © 2004. My deepest gratitude to Craig Gemeiner for his kind permission in reposting his essay to my site. Contents cannot be copied, republished or transmitted without prior consent from him. Copied from http://savateaustralia.wordpress.com/essays/open-hands/

Craig Gemeiner specializes in the study of traditional Western fighting arts, particularly Savate and its associated disciplines, and adapting them to modern use. He is one of few instructors in the world teaching ‘Defense dans la Rue’ , a system of self-defense developed in Paris during the late 1800s and has given seminars in Australia, Japan, USA, New Zealand and Italy. For an expanded background on his background, please check out:  http://gemeineracademy.wordpress.com/about-us/about-craig-gemeiner/
and his various sites below:

http://www.savateaustralia.com/
http://lacannevigny.wordpress.com/
http://defensedanslarue.wordpress.com/
http://www.freewebstore.org/bootfightercatalogue/index.aspx?pageid=1000146
http://bootfighter.wordpress.com/
http://gemeineracademy.wordpress.com/

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